Cephalopod Class Species, Habitats, and Diets

Cephalopods are mollusks (Cephalopoda), a class which includes octopuses, squid, cuttlefish, and nautilus. These are ancient species that are found in all of the worlds oceans, and are thought to have originated about 500 million years ago. They include some of the most intelligent creatures on the planet. Fast Facts: Cephalopods Scientific Name: CephalopodaCommon Name(s): Cephlapods, mollusks, cuttlefish, octopuses, squids, nautilusesBasic Animal Group: InvertebrateSize: 1/2 inch–30 feetWeight: 0.2 ounce–440 poundsLifespan: 1–15 yearsDiet: CarnivoreHabitat: All of the oceansPopulation: UnknownConservation Status: Critically Endangered (1 species), Endangered (2), Vulnerable (2), Near Threatened (1), Least Concern (304), Data Deficient (376) Description Cephalopods are highly intelligent, highly mobile ocean-dwelling creatures that are remarkably diverse in size and lifestyle. All of them possess at least eight arms and a parrot-like beak. They have three hearts that circulate blue blood—cephalopod blood is copper-based, rather than iron-based like red-blooded humans. Some cephalopod species have tentacles with suckers for grabbing, camera-like eyes, color-changing skin, and complex learning behaviors. Most cephalopod eyes are quite like humans, with an iris, pupil, lens, and (in some) a cornea. The shape of the pupil is specific to species. Cephalopods are intelligent, with relatively large brains. The largest is the giant squid (30 feet long and weighing 440 pounds); the smallest are the pygmy squid and California lilliput octopus (under 1/2 inch and 2/10 of an ounce). Most live only one to two years, with a maximum of five years, except for nautiluses which can live as long as 15 years. Species There are over 800 living species of cephalopods, loosely divided into two groups called clades: Nautiloidea (of which the only surviving species is the nautilus) and Coleoidea (squids, cuttlefish, octopuses, and the paper nautilus).  The taxonomic structures are under debate. Nautiluses have a coiled shell, are slow-moving, and are only found in deep water; they have more than 90 arms.Squids are by and large torpedo-shaped, fast-moving, and have a thin, flexible internal shell called a pen. The pupils of their eyes are circular.Cuttlefish look and behave like squid but they have stouter bodies and a broad internal shell called a cuttlebone. They navigate by undulating their body fins and live in the water column or on the sea floor. Cuttlefish pupils are shaped like the letter W.Octopuses live mostly in deep water, have no shell, and can swim or walk on two of their eight arms. Their pupils are rectangular. Habitat and Range Cephalopods are found in all of the major water bodies in the world, primarily but not exclusively salt water. Most species live at depths between seven and 800 feet, but a few can survive at depths near 3,300 feet. Some cephalopods migrate following their food sources, a characteristic that may well have allowed them to survive for millions of years. Some migrate vertically every day, spending most of the day in the dark depths hiding from predators and rising to the surface at night to hunt.   Diet Cephalopods are all carnivorous. Their diet varies depending on the species but can include everything from crustaceans to fish, bivalves, jellyfish, and even other cephalopods. They are hunters and scavengers and have several tools to assist them. They grasp and hold their prey with their arms and then break it into bite-sized pieces using their beaks; and they further process the food with a radula, a tongue-like form edged with teeth that scrapes the meat and pulls it into the cephalopod digestive tract. Behavior Many cephalopods, especially octopuses, are intelligent problem solvers and escape artists. To hide from their predators—or their prey—they can eject a cloud of ink, bury themselves in the sand, change color, or even make their skin bioluminesce, emit light like a firefly.  Skin color changes are engineered by expanding or contracting pigment-filled bags in the skin called chromatophores. Cephalopods move through the water in two ways. Traveling tail-first, they move by flapping their fins and arms. Traveling head first, they move by jet propulsion: muscles fill their mantle with water and then expel it in a burst that propels them forward. Squids are the fastest of any marine creature. Some species can move in bursts up to 26 feet per second, and in sustained migrations for up 1 foot per second. Reproduction Cephalopods have both male and female sexes, and mating usually includes a courtship often involving skin color changes, varying with the species. Some species of cephalopods gather together in great masses to mate. The male transfers a sperm packet to the female through her mantle opening via either a penis or a modified arm; the females are polyandrous, meaning they can be fertilized by multiple males. The females lay large yolky eggs in clusters on the ocean floor, creating 5 to 30 egg capsules with four to six embryos each. In many species, males and females both die shortly after spawning. Octopus females, however, stop eating but live on to watch over their eggs, keeping them clean and protecting them from predators. Gestation periods can last for months, depending on species and conditions: one deep-sea octopus, Graneledone boreopacifica, has a gestation period of four and a half years. Identifying the young of different cephalopod species is difficult. Some juvenile cephalopods swim freely and feed on marine snow (bits of food fragments in the water column) until they mature, while others are adept predators at birth.   Conservation Status There are 686 species listed in the class Cephalopoda in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List. One species is listed as Critically Endangered (Opisthoteuthis chathamensis), two are Endangered (O. mero and Cirroctopus hochbergi), two are Vulnerable (O. calypso and O. massyae) and one is Near Threatened (Giant Australian Cuttlefish, Sepia apama). Of the rest, 304 are Least Concern and 376 are Data Deficient. The Opisthoeuthis genus of octopus live in the most shallow waters of the oceans, and they are the species which is most threatened by commercial deep-water trawling.   Cephalopods reproduce rapidly and over-fishing is not typically a problem. Nacre from the nautilus is prized in the United States and elsewhere, and although nautiluses are not listed in the IUCN Red List, they have been protected under the Convention of International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) since 2016.   Sources Bartol, Ian K., et al. Swimming Dynamics and Propulsive Efficiency of Squids Throughout Ontogeny. Integrative and Comparative Biology 48.6 (2008): 720–33. Print.Cephalapoda - Class. IUCN Red List.Cephalopoda Cuvier 1797. Encyclopedia of Life, 2010.Hall, Danielle. Cephalopods. Ocean. Smithsonian Institution, 2018.Vendetti, Jann. The Cephalopoda: Squids, octopuses, nautilus, and ammonites. Lophotrochozoa: Mollusca, University of California at Berkeley, 2006.Young, Richard E., Michael Vecchione, and Katharina M. Mangold. Cephalopoda Cuvier 1797 Octopods, squids, nautiluses, etc. Tree of Life, 2019.Wood, James B. The Cephalopod Page, University of Hawaii, 2019.

Justice In Reginald Roses 12 Angry Men - 1532 Words

The perception an individual has on justice, and the truth that they personally seek, are the deciding factors in determining what the true meaning of righteousness is for an individual. The perspective of justice a person has however is not the only factor that comes into play, when establishing whether the defendant is guilty or innocent. The play, ‘12 angry men’, written by Reginald Rose, is a drama involved around a jury and a homicide case. In comparison, the movie, ‘To kill a mockingbird’, directed by Robert Mulligan, follows the tale of Atticus Finch, a lawyer, who defends a black man against fabricated rape charges, and the evils of racism and stereotyping. Both texts have strongly opposing beliefs on the meaning of the justice;†¦show more content†¦In comparison, ‘To Kill a Mockingbird’, presents the idea that the court, and the court alone determine justice. The idea of pursuing justice outside the court is seen as unjust. Cha racters, such as Atticus who wish for a fair trial never have their wishes heard. The ideologies that the court holds on justice are not capable of being changed; the court is the one that holds the power to make the final verdict. ‘Our courts have their faults, as does any human institution, but in this country, our courts are the great levellers...’ (Atticus Finch). While it appears that in a courtroom, all people are the same, both To kill a Mockingbird, and 12 Angry Men, demonstrates the socio-economic status, influences the decision of the court/ jury when determining the justice an individual obtains. In the same way, both Tom Robinson, and the accused in 12 Angry Men, have members in the jury that decide the final verdict, before the trial begins. Both texts, demonstrate that justice is a privilege, not a right given to all. The failure of an individual to act in the best manner for the defendant will ensure that justice is never truly served. Unless those unaffe cted by the case perceive the situation from the perspective of the blamed, justice can never be obtained. For justice cannot stand on one side, but on both sides. The manner and environment in which someone is surrounded by affects the way they perceive the world, and its occupants. The fatherly figures in 12 Angry Men,Show MoreRelatedKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1578 Words   |  7 PagesThe main characters of both, Reginald Rose’s play 12 Angry Men and Harper Lee’s novel To Kill a Mockingbird, stand up for what is right even in the face of opposition. 12 Angry Men focuses on a jury s deliberations concerning a homicide trial of which the accused, a sixteen-year-old boy, will be sentenced to death if found guilty. To Kill A mockingbird, on the other hand, is narrated by a six-year-old girl named Jean Louise ‘Scout’ Finch who lives in the southern American town of Maycomb. The plotRead MoreA Comparison Of Montana 1948 And Twelve Angry Men798 Words   |  4 PagesWrite a detailed comparison of how montana 1948 and twelve angry men present ideas, issues and themes. Suggested Length: 700-800 words. Compare the way the two texts explore this ideas. Larry Watson’s 1993 novella ‘Montana 1948’ tells a tale of loyalty and justice through a young boy living in a town where the justice system is corrupted by family ties and racism. Likewise, in Reginald Rose’s 1954 teleplay ‘Twelve Angry Men’, twelve jurors determine the fate of a boy accused of murdering his fatherRead MoreTwelve Angry Men Essay1265 Words   |  6 Pagesothers. Twelve Angry Men is more than a play, it is a reminder of our social responsibility. Discuss. Twelve Angry Men is a legal drama, written by Reginald Rose during the heightened period of 1950s McCarthyism. The didactic play presents a cross section, examining 1950s America during a period of immense suspicion and uncertainty. Roses play reminds us of the importance of responsibility and integrity, emphasising qualities such as courage that aid in preserving justice. The play examinesRead MoreTwelve Angry Men By Reginald Rose1104 Words   |  5 PagesThrough Twelve Angry Men Flim, the author, Reginald Rose, paints a picture of a small portion of American society in the mid-1950s. At this time, the United States was envolving into an internal struggle, the Civil Rights Movement, which was concerned with ending racism discrimination and promoting freedom, respect and equality. Rose’s movie presents domestic conflicts which exist in a stereotypical American society and politic in 1950s in America. 12 Angry Men is the story of 12 jurors who mustRead MoreTwelve Angry Men pre sents the pessimistic view that all humans are flawed.1675 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Twelve Angry Men presents the pessimistic view that all humans are flawed. Pessimistic- cynical, distrustful, negative, doubtful, suspicious, unenthusiastic Flawed- imperfections, weak, faulty, unlawful, inaccurate, fallacious, unfair Notes Weaknesses of the Jurors Foreman goes with the majority vote rather than independently forming his own judgement Juror 10 stereotypes all immigrants. Offensive remarks eventually lead to the other jurors turning their backs on him and he finally reflectsRead MoreTwelve Angry Men: Justice Is Served2907 Words   |  12 PagesTwelve Angry Men: Justice is Served Twelve Angry Men takes you into a day in the lives of twelve jurors in a New York City courthouse. In the hands of the jurors lies the fate of a young man accused of stabbing his father. Throughout the film, the audience becomes familiar with each of the jurors and is quickly introduced to topics at issue such as discrimination, iniquitous motives, and concerns about the American judicial system. As the twelve jurors deliberate to reach a verdict, the film

Funny Mole Day Jokes and Humor

Mole Day is  October 23 from 6:02 a.m. to 6:02 p.m. in honor of Avogadros Number (6.02 x 1023). A  mole  is a unit of measurement used when existing measurements are inadequate and its particle measurement is based on Avogadros number. Like Pie Day which is celebrated on March 14 due to the fact that it mirrors the pie number, Mole Day is celebrated on either October 23 or June 2 due to the dates being similar to Avogadros number. What better way to celebrate a holiday born out of chemistry humor than with jokes? Mole Day Jokes Q: What did Avogadro teach his students in math class?A: Moletiplication Q: What do you call a 10th grader who is taking chemistry?A: A sophomole. Q: Why does Avogadro like Cindy Crawford?A: Shes his favorite super-mole-dle (and she has a mole). Q: Why is it bad to tell mole jokes?A: Its mole-itically incorrect   Q: What did the generous mole say when people crashed his party?A: The mole the merrier! Q: What are mammoles?A: Four-legged animoles! Q: How would you describe a stinky chemist?A: Mole-odorous Q: What kind of fruit did Avogadro eat in the summer?A:  Watermolens Q: What kind of test do chemistry students  like best?A: Mole-tiple choice. Q: Why is Avogadro so rich?A: Hes a multi-mole-ionare! Q: Which tooth did Avogadro have pulled?A: One of his molars. Q: What does Avogadro put in his hot chocolate?A: Marsh-mole-ows! Q: What did one mole say to the other?A: We make great chemistry together. Q: Why was there only one Avogadro?A:  When they made him, they broke the Moled. Q: What illness kept Avogadro in bed for two months?A: Moleonucleosis   Q: What do you get when you have a bunch of moles acting like idiots?A: A bunch of Moleasses   Mole Day Pledge #1 I pledge allegiance to the mole, and to the science from which it comes, one SI unit, extremely divisible, with micromoles and millimoles for all. ~ R. Thomas Myers - Kent State University, Kent, OH Mole Day Pledge #2 I pledge allegiance to the mole, to the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, and to the atomic mass for which it stands, one number, most divisible, with atoms and molecules for all. ~ Sylvia Cooper - Morgantown High School, Morgantown, WV Mole Day Definitions In addition to pledges and one-line jokes, there are plenty of opportunities for mole puns: Demoleition: destruction moles cause in your yard (or on your chemistry paper, if you forget Avogadros number)Dismole: being sad on Mole DayImoleble: anything that is completely unrelated to a moleMol: the symbol for mole (of course!)Mole-mole: a mole double agentMolearchy: government controlled by Moles -- Mole Day is celebrated more than once a yearMolebile: a mole decoration which hangs from the ceilingMolect: the obsessive collection of Mole Day t-shirts, games, and other stuffMolectomy: the study of mole anatomyMolehill: a small mound  of dirt in your backyard made by burrowing molesMoleism: the reverence given to moles on Mole Day or on any day by a chemistMolelaberate: working together on a Mole Day projectMoleodic: a word describing the sound of Mole Day songsMoleskito: a tiny winged mole-like creature that drinks the blood of a person who forgets the date of Mole DayRemolte control: a devise used to watch television shows about chemistry and molesRemoletly: having to do wi th a mole, barelySophmole: anyone in the tenth grade who is taking chemistryThermole: an adjective describing one  mole of an explosive

Globalization Perpetuates Economic Interdependence between...

Globalization perpetuates economic interdependence between countries. Through the increasing volume of goods and services transferred across borders, globalization has created international capital flow and boosted the rapid diffusion of technology. According to Dr. Ismail Shariff, â€Å"globalization is the worldwide process of homogenizing prices, products, wages, rates of interest and profit.† Three forces control the manner by which globalization furthers developments. These factors include the role of human migration, international trade, and integration of financial markets. By discussing the pros and cons of globalization, a correlation between these factors reveal the intertwined web known as world trade. Thomas Friedman once said,†¦show more content†¦but only left to find out the way in which it can be employed with the greatest advantage. Determining what county has the comparative advantage is at the core of globalization. As a result of countries being able to maximize their manufacturing abilities, productivity and living standards rose in surrounding locations. Outsourcing production to other countries creates jobs in remote locations. In addition, globalization creates global competition. Global competition allows nations with the comparative advantage to produce goods at a cheap cost, which keeps prices low for consumers. By keeping prices low, counties are able to decrease the opportunity for inflation to derail economic growth. Furthermore, globalization spurs innovation and presents the market with new innovative ideas formed to global collaboration. Technological innovation is among the many benefits of globalization. Globalization and unfettered capital flow, grants the United States access to foreign investment and allows the interest rates to remain low; in turn, allowing consumers to invest more in the economy. While globalization has had its benefits, there are also controversial consequences as well. Those opposed to globalization draw their conclusion from the understanding that millions of Americans have lost their jobs due to factories and productions being shifted too other countries. As globalization continues to expand,Show MoreRelatedEffects of Economic Globalization and Integration1397 Words   |  6 PagesEconomic globalization and economic integration have long been thought to reduce the probability of conflict and war based on neoliberal institutionalist theory, complex interdependence theory, and World Systems theory. At first thought, it is plausible why one might agree with the claim. Yet the claim itself cannot procure such black-and-white answers when it combines conflict and war; two separate terms. 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Deterrence theory requires punishment Free Essays

The birth of criminology ended discussions on legal philosophy in the 18th century. Bentham and Beccaria claimed that actions were the result of free will. Deterrence theory requires punishment to outweigh the pleasures derived from the criminal act. We will write a custom essay sample on Deterrence theory requires punishment or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is the underlying rationale by which our present criminal justice system operates. Consideration for biological factors as origin of criminal behavior was proven to be insignificant. Environment was said to play a vital role in such behavior. Heredity accepts it as unavoidable and a consequence of a bad seed most likely making it like a matter of destiny. The major contenders of crime were observed to be both environmental and psychosocial like greed, desire for power, poverty, education and parenting, and population statistics. These factors most likely raised Cain and produced crime. If biological factors were not eminent in the defects of brain waves and genetics consideration for criminology, the prime consideration of crime then is not centered on the person itself but with the sociological factors that have molded character and trait. Human behavioral genetics assumes that all phenomena have a scientific causal explanation exploring the relationship between behavioral genetics and concept of criminal responsibility. It argues that it has little utility in assessing criminal responsibility as a matter of criminal law theory. Behavioral genetics do not support the idea that human actions were caused by genes. Behavioral differences between individuals were brought about by a complex interaction of biology and environment. Heritability as a statistical approximation of genetic differences against environmental differences varies by age, culture, and environment and do not translate behavioral variation into causal explanation. It does not explain the causes of any specific act done by a person. Behavioral genetics studies revealed failure to account 38% to 88% of the observed behavioral variation of the group being studied. These observations will alone limit the introduction and participation of behavioral genetics evidence in criminal cases. Instead it tends to provide an open excuse for criminal responsibility when mitigating criminal liability. Criminal responsibility determines whether and to what extent is the judgement for corrective punishment. It allegedly shifts responsibility to individual characteristics of the defendant and not of the act itself. This is but a part only of a strategic defense in criminal law proceedings. (Coleman Farahany 2006). Many criminals have relinquished social responsibility. Their lives projects trajectory paths from the inception of their early life. They were an absolute product of misguided conscience of parental abuse and child rearing who lacks caring and education. Intimate face-to-face interactions in early life are crucial in molding a child’s personality and character. Witnessing and experiencing emotionally traumatic events within the domain of their warring families develops their perpetuation and formation of attitudes towards the world. The experience itself created a platform for determination of self control, discipline, and modes for socially accepted behavior. (Fleisher 1997). These factors are purely social-psychological effects of the economic and environment situation of an individual. Socioeconomic variables account the consequence of the act and of the blame. Crime inevitably involves human action and subjects itself for moral evaluation. Compromising rationality on a behavior’s moral evaluation is entirely not related to the genes of the individual but of the context of the individual’s social environment and values formation. References Coleman, J. Farahany, N. (2006). Genetics and responsibility: To know the criminal from the crime. Law and contemporary problems. 69 (1-2), 115+. Fleisher, M. (1997). Can we break the pattern of the criminal lifestyle. USA Today. 125(2624), 30+. How to cite Deterrence theory requires punishment, Papers

Vice free essay sample

What are the positive and active effects on children and society they live in? 2013-1-19 Caring for children is important in any society. All parents should be required to take childcare courses. TO what extent do you agree or disagree? 201 3-2-2 Some people think watching TV is bad for children, while others think that watching TV has more beneficial effects on children. Discuss both sides and glee your own pollen. 201 3-2-14 Some people think young people should be free to choose his or her job , but other people think they should be realistic and think more about their future. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. 201 3-2-16 Some people think all lawbreakers should be put into prison, while others believe that there are better alternatives. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. NAGY?N KHZ?C Ethic 201 3-2-23 Not enough students choose science subjects in universities in many countries. What are the reasons and what are the effects to the society? 201 3-3-2 Universities and colleges are now offering qualifications through distance learning from the Internet rather than teachers in the classroom.Do you think the advantages of this development outweigh the disadvantages? 201 3-3-9 Some people believe that studying in a college or university is the best way or students to prepare for their future career. Others think they should leave school as soon as possible to develop their career through work experience. 201 3-3-14 Some people believe that when designing a building, the most important thing to be considered is the function rather than the outward appearance. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 201 3-3-23 Human society has made great technological progress in the last hundred years.Some people think this also has negative effects on our life. To what 201 34_6 One hundred years ago, some people believed that human race would make continuous progress in all areas of life. Today, people feel less certain about this. In what areas do you think the most important progress has been made? In what areas does more need to be done? 201 3-4-13 As countries develop, their populations tend to live individually or in small family units. What are the causes of this trend and what are the effects on society?NAGY?N KHZ?c HTHc 2 201 3-4-18 Some people claim that it is acceptable to use animals in medical research for the benefit of human beings, while other people argue that it is wrong. Discuss both views and give your opinion. 201 34_27 Some people think that older school children should learn a wide range of objects to acquire more knowledge, while other people believe they should learn a small number of subjects in details. Discuss both views and give your opinions. 201 3-5-1 1 In many countries, the quality of life in large cities is becoming worse. What are the causes for this problem?What measures do you think should be taken to tackle this problem? 201 3-5-1 6 People are surrounded by all kinds of advertising. Some people believe that advertising has a negative effect on peoples lives. To what extent do you agree or disagree ? 201 3-5-1 8 Some people think it is important for all children to learn history in school. Others believe that other subjects are more relevant to childrens lives today. 201 3-5-25 Some people believe that government money should be spent on important things rather than arts such as painting and music. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 01 3-6-6 Some people think that the government should offer financial support and care to old people, while others think that people should save money for their future life. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. NAGY?N KHZ?c HTHc 3 201 3-6-8 Nowadays some countries encourage people to buy more and more products, while others believe it has negative effects on the society. To what extent do you agree or disagree ? 201 3-6-15 Some people think family has the most powerful influence on childrens development. Others , however, believe that other things have greater effects. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. 201 3-6-22 Some people think secondary school students should learn international news as one of their subjects, while others believe that this is a waste of valuable time. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. 18/05/201 3: Some people think that children should be taught history at school. Others refute this by suggesting that schools should teach children subjects that are elevate to their latter life. Discuss both views and give your opinion. 25/05/201 3: Some people think that the governments spent money on artists would be better than on more important things. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 1 5/06/201 3: Some people think that families have the most powerful influence on a childs development, while others think other factors such as television, friend, music, etc have biggest effects. Discuss both views and give your opinion. 22/6/2013 4 Tourism is excellent way to the development of a country but it might harm. In what way countries ensure that tourism benefits their development? 3/07/2013 in KICK: Some people believe that robots are very important for humans future development.Others argue that the invention of robots has negative effects on society. Discuss both views and give your opinion. 03/08/201 3. People in big cities prefer to live alone or in small family units instead of large family groups. Do you think this is positive or negative trend? 7/08/2013 In some countries, students must pay tuition for university and college. In some others, government pay it. Do the advantages of using government money for universities and colleges outweigh the disadvantages? 9/08/201 3 Scientists believe that computers will become more intelligent than human beings.Some people find it a positive development while others think it is negative development. Discuss both points and give your own opinion. 07/09/201 3: Some people think that nuclear energy is better than other source of power for meeting overstraining global needs. To what extent do you agree? 03/08/201 3 In many countries today, people in big cities either live alone or in small family units, rather than in large, extended family groups. Is this a positive or a negative trend? 5 21/09/2013 Throughout history, people have dreamed about perfect society, but they have not agreed what an ideal society is.What do you think the most important elements to have perfect society in modern world? How people can achieve an ideal society? 12/10/2013 Economic progress is one way to measure a countrys success. Some people believe that there are other factors should be considered when measuring the success of a country. What are the other factors? Do u think there is a factor that more important than the others? 26/10/201 3: A rise in the standard of living in a country often only seem to benefits cities rather than rural areas. What problems might this differences cause?

British In 19th Essay Example For Students

British In 19th Essay The nineteenth (19th) century was a period of great change and accompanyingsocial unrest in the British Isles. Most outstanding among the changes was theindustrial revolution. As everything in life, it brought good, but it alsobrought evil. The industrial revolution combined with the expansion of theBritish Empire made the United Kingdom, the richest and most powerful country inthe world. Some of the islanders became unbelievably wealthy, but others,unfortunately, became unbelievably poor. Writers from this historical periodcognizant of the human suffering, became social critics of what was taking placein England, of how the rich and powerful became more oppressive than before andhow the very poor, were evenly more oppressed. Among these writers were CharlesDickens and George Eliot. In his novel, Felix Halt the Radical, Eliot (nee MaryAnne Evans) describes graphically the conflict and battle between these twogroups. In the novel, Eliot portrayed British society as having two types of people, the oppressors, who were the landowners who had the ability to vote andserve in government and then there the oppressed, who are the back breakingworkers. The factory workers and miners (the oppressed) were denied basic humanrights and their opinion and beliefs were discarded as being useless. Theseworkers wanted change and reform, however they did not speak out against theirmasters or government because of fear of retaliation by the oppressors, ofpunishment and also because of the lack of leadership skill to organize arevolt. The leadership that was needed was that of Harold Transome, a radical,and of his political agents that began preaching the need for change and forequality among the workers. Traditionally, two main political parties existed inGreat Britain, the Whigs and Tories, which forced society to choose what sidewould represent them. The split in society caused conflict in which people wouldonly associate with those individuals who supported the same party. Addin g tothese conflicts, political candidates gave false hopes and promises in order tosway the opinion of people. Nonetheless a rise of uncertainty for the twoparties began when Harold Transome returned home and brought with him enoughwealth to gain the support needed to back up his political movement. Transomehad made his fortune trading in the Far East of the empire. Despite his vastfortune there was one vast obstacle in Transoms plan to rebuild his estate andbuild a political career, which was that he wasnt the actual heir to hisfamilys estate. Long ago, the principal of the estate was sold off to theBaycliff family. Legally the estate belonged to Tommy Transome, an illiteratepeasant who had been paid off to keep quiet. If anything were to happen to TommyTransome, the rights to the estate would pass to any existing heir of theBaycliff family. Harold Transome the lord of the Transome estate was a stronghandsome man who left home to find his fortune in the Middle East in trade. Hework ed in banking in Smyrna, currently Izmir, a city in western Turkey. Hereturned to England when he had a sizable sum which he would use to rebuild hisestate and support his political actions. Harold envisioned change, a change forthe good of the workers. He disliked the Whigs and Tories because theyrepresented everything old and unmodern. Being a radical meant new, improvement,change and modernization. He had modern opinions and ideas to change the outcomeof society, however he still believed that women were silly creatures who didnot have any ability nor right to discuss or work with what he consideredmens work, such as politics and running estates. Mr. Johnson, oneof Transomes agents was a charismatic person with a strong passionate voice andconvincing manner, with which he was able to rile up the workers. He claimedthat their support of the radical movement would improve their lives. Accordingto Mr. Johnson, this country will rise to the tip-top of everything, andthere isnt a man in it but what shall his joint in the pot, and his spare moneyjingling in his pocket, if we only exert ourselves to send the right men toParliament men who will speak up for the collier, and stone cutter, and thenavy, and will stand no nonsense (p. 114). Harold Transome was the man forthis job. He could put extra money in the workers pocket and alter thepolitical arena. In return for a chance of a better life, Mr. Johnson wanted theworkers to show their support for Harold Transome and the radical movement. Healso demanded that the working men united themselves and give their handsand voices for the right man, and when you shout for Transome, rememberyou shout for more wages, and more of your rights, and you shoot to get rid ofrats and sprats and such animals, who are the tools the rich make use of tosqueeze the blood out of the poor people, (p. 117). If left to themselves,these workers would have never conceived the idea to rally against theiroppressors. A strong influence was need ed, a catalytic agent, in order toinstill in them the idea that change was needed and rising against the leadersof society their oppressors would bring about the best results. The outcome ofMr. Johnsons speech resulted in a very short-lived revolt with much chaos. Theday of the election saw upset drunken workers who wanted the blood of those whoput them in their sorry state. Their demonstration consisted initially of theiranger by throwing vegetables at the people eligible to vote and at store windows(p. 264). The people in the mob, however, grew even more hostile. The mobdecided to inflict some pain on Spratt whom was a Sproxton man who did notsupport the radical movement Spratt was found in the Seven Stars, a well knownestablishment known for supporting the Troy political side. They invaded the innin which he was staying and dragged him out into the streets kicking andscreaming. The mob taunted him in order to see how much they could frighten himbefore they really hurt him. They c ontinued their rampage until thy reached thetowns center (Treby Manor) where they invaded the manor and proceeded todestroy whatever they could. The mob was destructive and out of control that themilitary was called in to put a stop to them. As a result of such rash actionsby the mob, three people died, many of innocent people were wounded and therewere damages to property and businesses, (p 281). Tragically, one of the men whodied was Tommy Transome, which means that the estate would pass to EstherBaycliff, legal heir to the Transome estate. During all this chaos, there wasonly one person who remain calm and collected and who tried to swayed the mob inanother direction. Felix Holt, was a watch repairer by trade, but a fighter forequality and the rights of man. Mr. Holt knew that he would be unable to stopthe mob so his mission was to divert them in a direction where no one would behurt nor injured. He did succeed in some aspects. Holt realized that the mob wasnot going to listen to reason so he decided to pretend to be a part of the mobin order to manipulate them and hold them down until reinforcement arrived. Hewas able to get the crowd to forget about Spratt, however, he wasnt able todeflect them from Treby Manor. For his efforts to help, Holt was shot in theshoulder and sent to jail for manslaughter, assault and rioting, (p. 270). Ibelieve that the fact that the author, George Eliot is a woman is a significantfactor to this novel. Eliot clearly shows that during this time that women werenot considered important in the eyes of men. Their main duty was to produce anheir. However, the women during this time did have capable minds with their ownthoughts and ideas, for example, Mrs. Transome, Harolds mother. She was able torun the estate in the absence of her son but when he returned, he treated her asan invalid. Women are forced by society to depend on men, as it was the case forMrs. Holt, Felixs mother. Felix Holt would not allow his mother to sell herhomemad e remedies for illnesses but she has no one to depend on when he isthrown into prison. Eliot depicts a life of unhappiness and misery for the mostwomen in this novel. Mrs. Transome is a woman suffering with anguish and purehatred for her son that leaves her to be a bitter woman. As I was reading thisnovel, I was intrigued to find out that George Eliot was a woman because itanswered many my questions. In my opinion, the novel was a very descriptive one. .uda15bf3b59a4707ccc902c2e18da70f5 , .uda15bf3b59a4707ccc902c2e18da70f5 .postImageUrl , .uda15bf3b59a4707ccc902c2e18da70f5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uda15bf3b59a4707ccc902c2e18da70f5 , .uda15bf3b59a4707ccc902c2e18da70f5:hover , .uda15bf3b59a4707ccc902c2e18da70f5:visited , .uda15bf3b59a4707ccc902c2e18da70f5:active { border:0!important; } .uda15bf3b59a4707ccc902c2e18da70f5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uda15bf3b59a4707ccc902c2e18da70f5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uda15bf3b59a4707ccc902c2e18da70f5:active , .uda15bf3b59a4707ccc902c2e18da70f5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uda15bf3b59a4707ccc902c2e18da70f5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uda15bf3b59a4707ccc902c2e18da70f5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uda15bf3b59a4707ccc902c2e18da70f5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uda15bf3b59a4707ccc902c2e18da70f5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uda15bf3b59a4707ccc902c2e18da70f5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uda15bf3b59a4707ccc902c2e18da70f5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uda15bf3b59a4707ccc902c2e18da70f5 .uda15bf3b59a4707ccc902c2e18da70f5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uda15bf3b59a4707ccc902c2e18da70f5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Robert Frost-The road not taken Essay It emphasized on the power and strength of males within society and how theirmachismo behavior effects the outcome of how society behaves. As anoutsider looking into a complex world, I am able to see things clearly. It ismales within the society who are dangerous because they are the ones who strivefor power and success and they also conjure movements that may have negativeimpact. Harold Transomes problem was that he was trying to modernize and tryingto solve problems for just part of the puzzle. He failed to take into account ofthe whole puzzle. Harold did not think before acted and he did not take theadvise of his mother who foresaw the troubles that his movement would bring. Ina way, I believe that Eliot is trying to show the reader that society would beextremely different if it was women who held control of it and dominant over themales. The world would be quite different if women were in charge because womenhave a more of tendencies to express their emotions and talk things out. Inaddition, they also have the tendencies to look beyond and find the root of theproblem. As Eliot describes the scene to the reader and the beavers of people atdifferent stages of society, there is a hint of romance in all this. The authordisguises herself behind a masculine name but her identity is revealed by thechance of her characters finding true love and happily everafter. Esthers dream was to be rich, to have a position and a title andshe was granted he r dreams. She had everything she thought she wanted, however,she did not have Felix Holt, her true love. Felix was sentence to four years inprison for his alleged crimes during the elections. Esther decided to give upeverything she ever wanted and pass the estate into the hands of Harold in orderto wait for Felix in lifestyle that she found comfort, happiness and love. European History